সপ্তম পঞ্চবার্ষিকী পরিকল্পনা বাস্তবায়নের সময় মনে করা হচ্ছে যে বাংলাদেশ জনমিতিক সুবিধা অর্জনের ক্ষেত্রে সুবিধাজনক অবস্থানে থাকবে যা কি না ভারতে কমে যাচ্ছে এবং চীনে ঋণাত্মক। চাকুরী সৃষ্টি ও দারিদ্র্য দূরীকরণের পদক্ষের ছাড়াও এই সপ্তম পঞ্চবার্ষিকী পরিকল্পনা দীর্ঘ মেয়াদে টেকসই প্রবৃদ্ধি, অবকাঠামোগত উন্নয়ন এবং বেসরকারি বিনিয়োগ উদ্বুদ্ধ, ফসল বৈচিত্রকরণ, অনানুষ্ঠানিক খাত চিহ্নিতকরণ, কারিগরি শিক্ষা, রপ্তানি বৈচিত্রকরণ এবং পরিকল্পিত নগরায়নে প্রতি গুরুত্ব আরোপ করে। এটা বিশ্বাস করা হয় যে, বাংলাদেশ মাঝারি ধরণের প্রবৃদ্ধি দিয়েও দ্রুত দারিদ্র্য দূর করতে সক্ষম এবং জিডিপি গুণগতভাবে বাড়লে অসমাত কমে আসবে।

Rule of Opposition in a Democracy

Existence of opposition both as alternative government and as critic of the party in power is a significant feature of democratic system. Opposition assumes an important role in parliamentary democracy along with its formal functions inside the legislature to constantly monitor the treasury. After independence, Bangladesh had a short lived Westminster type parliamentary framework by authoritarianism and army rule for years. During the period, though constrained by various restrictions, opposition activities including participating in major elections and legislatures as as organizing movements influenced Bangladesh politics. In the First Parliament, there was a meager opposition representation with no official recognition. The number of opposition parliamentarians increased considerably in the Second and Third Legislatures with their formal status in the House. They, however, had an ineffective parliamentary role in the midst of lopsided executive legislature relationship under quasi-democratic and autocratic rules. Hence they to agitational politics and anti-government movements outside. The 1991 election brought a strong opposition in the parliament culminating to a nascent two- party system under the reintroduced parliamentary set up. But lack of legislative compromise, persistence of mutual intolerance and the like prompted the competing parties to play unconstitutional roles creating political crises and confusion. Opposition's prolonged agitational movement for neutral caretaker government and its constitutional basis ultimately paved the way for restoring democratic process in the country. In a democracy, opposition parties perform several important functions. These include:

1. Interest aggregation: Political parties are important organs for aggregating the interests of the political community. Interest aggregation often culminates in the articulation/ projection of certain preferences, values ideologies into the policy and lawmaking process (eg in Parliament) and in the budgeting process.

 2. Promoting responsible and reasoned debate: This promotes "national conversation" and pushes to a higher level of development and maturity

3. Maintaining touch with the voter-citizen and demonstrating the relevance of politics to ordinary people, that is, the oppressed, the marginalized, the disenfranchised. 

4. Opposition parties hold the government to account for its commissions or omissions (eg. Tony Blair's Labour Party was re-elected with less support). 

5. Parties present a viable alternative to the incumbent government by designing alternative ideas, and policies for governing society. Should the party in power let the voters down, the "moment in waiting" takes over the reign of power- through free and fair elections.

6. Parties act as a training ground for future leaders, Shadow cabinet ministers, for
example typically conduct serious party business in their designated portfolios.

 7. Parties strengthen the culture of democracy within the party and the political community general for  (by, example, promoting open debate during delegates' conferences, intra-party democratic elections and ensuring accountable use of party finances).

8. Parties work with the Electoral Commission, the mass media and civil society organizations monitor and improve the quality of voter registration, civic education and elect transparency. 

9. Finally, opposition parties are the unpaid but dedicated principal researchers for the governme in power. In the rush to the "middle ground" that has characterized political party uynan after the Cold War; incumbent regimes have typically plagiarized the manifestos of oppositio partics and adopted their researched ideas, policies and programs without acknowledgeme Thereafter, incumbent parties (such as the NRM in Uganda) have typically accused opposition of having "no political agenda different from ours.

14.07.2017

Head of the customer service Department

XYZ Bank Ltd. Dhaka, Motijheel

Subject: Complaint about the operation of ATM.

Dear Sir.

With due respect I want mention about operation of the Automatic Teller Machine frequently use by the bank account holders in time of need. On last Friday, I went to very reputed shopping fit buying a washing machine. I needed to pay Tk. 100,000 for the product. Hence I proceeded to the ATM booth to fetch money but I couldn't withdraw money due to some technical problems of the Automatic Teller Machine. It was very much humiliating for me. People are getting bored due to the inactiveness of some ATM. But it is not desirable. It will be very pleasure for all the customers of your renowned bank, if you take necessary ani immediate steps to bring all the ATMs under surveillance so that customer are not disturbed by the  out-dated machines.

Sincerely Yours Md. Shafiqul Islam

Account No: 0101533298

XYZ Bank Ltd.

Dhaka

বলা হচ্ছে যে, ব্যাংকগুলো কোন ধরণের ঐতিহ্য হতে বেরিয়ে এসেছে?

 It was assumed that Banking is only for privileged and rich people, But this views seemed unusual while the modern banking comes out breaking away the old ideology due to the moder and updated technology. 

বলা হচ্ছে যে, কোন ধরণের কাজের ক্ষুদ্র ঋণ প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলো বৈপ্লবিক পরিবর্তন আনতে পারে?

Micro finance institutions can bring about revolutionary changes on society through providing branch less banking, mobile banking, Automatic Teller Machine Services By dint of these services. people from remote area can have access to the financial services unlikely from traditional banking. It helps people getting access over the financial services largely. This brings about revolutionary changes.

বলা হচ্ছে যে, অধিক সংখ্যক লোকজনকে ক্ষুদ্র আর্থিক প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলো কিভাবে সেবা প্রদান করতে পারে?

 By using modern and sophisticated technologies, microfinance institutions can include large number of people in their financial services. With the help of mobile banking and ATMs services, micro finance organizations make money available to the general people. Thus, it serves greater number of people.

বলা হচ্ছে যে, “To help their financial bottom line বলতে কি বুঝাচ্ছে?

To help their financial bottom line' means to strengthen the people's financial or monetary capabilities. And this can be done by lowering the cost of services which in turns saves money to energies their monetary base. 

তে বলা হচ্ছে যে, Passage টির সর্বোত্তম শিরোনাম কি হতে পারে?

Title of the passage: Micro finance institutions and its epoch making role.

LCM of 2 and 3 is 6

Work done in first 6 days = $\left(\frac{6}{30}+\frac{3}{15}+\frac{2}{10}\right)=\frac{6+6+6}{30}=\frac{18}{30}=\frac{4}{15}$

Remaining work = $\left(1-\frac{3}{5}\right)=\left(\frac{5-3}{5}\right)=\frac{2}{5}$

Next 3 days work done by them= $\left(\frac{3}{30}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{10}\right)=\frac{3+2+3}{30}=\frac{8}{30}=\frac{4}{15}$

Remaining work after 9 days = $\left(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{4}{15}\right)=\left(\frac{6-4}{15}\right)=\frac{2}{15}$

In 10^th days, B will help A, thus work done by them after 9 days= $\left(\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{15}\right)=\frac{1+2}{30}=\frac{3}{30}=\frac{1}{10}$

Remaining work= $\left(\frac{2}{15}-\frac{1}{10}\right)=\left(\frac{4-3}{30}\right)=\frac{1}{30}$

In 11^th days, A alone can do $\frac{1}{3}$ part of work which is the amount of remaining work.

Total 11 days will be required to complete the whole work. ans.

In 1 hour, one train goes (21-16)= 5 km more than another.

Now, In 1 hour total distance covered by them = (16+21) km = 37 km

If distance difference is 5 km then total distance = 37 km

If distance difference is 60 km then total distance = $\left(\frac{37\times 60}{5}\right)=444$ km 

Distance between Dhaka and Chittagong is 444 km. (ans.)

Let, Shakib borrowed Tk. and Lahib borrowed y Tk.

So, Shakib's principal + Interest of 3 years = Labib's principal + Interest of 2 years

$$\begin{gathered} \Rightarrow x+\frac{x\times 20\times 3}{100}=y+\frac{y\times 20\times 2}{} \\ \Rightarrow \frac{5x+3x}{5}=\frac{5y+2y}{5} \\ \Rightarrow \frac{8x}{5}=\frac{7y}{5} \\ \Rightarrow 8x=7y \\ \Rightarrow \frac{x}{y}=\frac{7}{8} \\ \Rightarrow x : y = 7 : 8 \end{gathered}$$

ans. Ratio of Shakib & Tabib's loan amount is 7. 8.

Let, width of the rectangle be x meter

Length of the rectangle be 3x meter

According to question, 

$$\begin{gathered} 3x\times x=1,200 \\ \Rightarrow 3x^2=1,200 \\ \Rightarrow x^2= \frac{1,200}{3} \\ {x}^2=400 \\ \therefore x= \sqrt{400} \\ x=\sqrt{{\left(20\right)}^2} \\ x=20 \end{gathered}$$

The perimeter of rectangle will be $2\left[\left(3\times 20\right)+20\right]=2\left(60+20\right)=2\times 80=160$ meter

Perimeter of the square, 4a=160 

One side of the square will be 40 meter

Area of the square will be = (40 x 40) = 1,600m² 

Now, length of 1 stone is 50cm = $\frac{50}{100}=0.5 m$ 

Area of one stone will be =$(0.5x0.5)=0.25 m²$

Number of stone required to cover the square = 1,600+0.25=6,400 pieces

Total amount of taka required at 50 tk per stone is $6,400 \times 50 = 3,20,000$ Tk. ans.